The aim of the article is twofold: on the one hand, it is an attempt to reconstruct one of the most interesting elements of Isaiah Berlin’s political philosophy and social ethics in the form of the theory of values’ pluralism, meaning – generally speaking – a concept with which values can and often remain among themselves in a permanent conflict. The main goal of the article is the application of the concept as an interpretative tool for the analysis of some important dimensions of the current political and social situation in Poland. The author tries to show that theoretical analyzes and descriptions of Berlin, showing the world of values as a world full of nuances and paradoxes, find a manifold reflection in the real world of current deep social and political conflicts.