The subject article is a case of the Scottish National Party. This is one of a number of regional party in Europe, which aims at the independence of the central authorities. The author analyze the origin and the nature and specificity of the political grouping, the role played in the process of devolution and the evolution of the political party. The year 1999 was a breakthrough for the United Kingdom, and for Scotland. But until the year 2007 brought SNP victory. For the first time the group won elections to the Scottish Parliament and took over power in Scotland, forming the first minority government of the history of the Scottish National Party. This article analyzes what affected the change of Scots and the SNP to increase the popularity of a political party in 2007, and before the year 1974? How has the SNP changed over the years? What is its organizational structure? What is the function of the full party leader? Finally, may the SNP lead to the independence of Scotland from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland?