Important part of the Polish systemic transformation was creation of the territorial self-government. The decentralization of state and strengthening of role of the local governments is not equivalent to appearing of the real territorial community. The test of creation of community with help of the legal and organizational instruments in many cases does not bring the desirable results. Creation of community on local level is more languid and difficult process than have been expected by the reformers of the political system. Paradoxically the strong territorial communities are not the obvious allies of state in process of democratization and improvement of management.