Peaceful Revolution in a Captured State.
The Political Crisis in Bulgaria 2021–2023
More details
Hide details
1
Katedra Prawa i Instytucji Unii
Europejskiej, Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu
Warszawskiego
Publication date: 2024-09-20
Studia Politologiczne 2024;73
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The political crisis in Bulgaria in the period 2021–2023 constitutes a very
interesting political phenomenon, due to the fact that the main protesters demand was
the introduction of reforms aiming to regain the captured state. The resistence of the status quo parties led to a political clinch, carousel of five parliamentary elections within two
years, four interim governments and a temporary reinforcement of president’s power. This
paper aims to provide a chronological account of the political developments during the
crisis through the prism of the interaction between the reformers camp and the political
elites associated with the state capture. An analysis of the chronology of events and
the elections data provide food for thought on the limited ability to introduce changes
through elections in a captured state, as well as to identify some of the features of the
“status quo” political survival strategy.
PEER REVIEW INFORMATION
Article has been screened for originality
REFERENCES (18)
1.
Afeltowicz Ł., Zawłaszczone państwa, sieci społeczne i wyobraźnia socjologiczna: krytyczna analiza koncepcji state capture, «Studia Socjologiczne» 2010, nr 1 (196).
2.
Barnes A., Extricating the State: The Move to Competitive Capture in Post-Communist Bulgaria, «Europe-Asia Studies» 2007, vol. 59, nr 1.
3.
Bagashka T., Unpacking Corruption: The Effect of Veto Players on State Capture and Bureaucratic Corruption, «Political Research Quarterly» 2014, vol. 67, No. 1.
6.
Domaradzki S., Wybory samorządowe w Bułgarii. Walka formalnych koalicjantów, «Komentarze IEŚ» 2023, nr 986 (234), 25.10.2023,
https://ies.lublin.pl/komentar... (17.02.2024).
7.
Fazekas M., János Tóth I., From Corruption to State Capture: A New Analytical Framework with Empirical Applications from Hungary, «Political Research Quarterly» 2016, vol. 69, nr 2.
8.
Haugaard M., Democracy, Political Power, and Authority, «Social Research» 2010, vol. 77, nr 4.
9.
Innes A., The political economy of state capture in central Europe, «Journal of Common Market Studies» 2013, vol. 52, nr 1.
10.
Kobeszko Ł., Zmiany w konstytucji Bułgarii: droga do przełamania kryzysu politycznego, Analiza Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich, 5.01.2024,
https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publ... analizy/2024-01-05/zmiany-w-konstytucji-bulgarii-droga-do-przelamania-kryzysu (17.02.2024).
11.
Krasteva A., State Capture versus Contestatory Citizenship in Bulgaria, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Europapolitik, Vienna, 7.12.2021,
https://www.oegfe.at/wp-conten... 2000/12/PB-222021.pdf (17.02.2024).
12.
Longhirst K., Structural distortions: re-examining state capture in Moldova and apprising its persistence and effects, «Sprawy Międzynarodowe» 2020, t. 73, nr 4.
14.
Maarten L., The destructive effects of state capture in the Western Balkans EU enlargement undermined, Policy Brief, Clingendael, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, september 2020,
https://www.clingendael.org/si..._ Undermining_EU_enlargement_2020.pdf (17.02.2024).
15.
Pacześniak A., Zawłaszczanie państwa przez partię rządzącą jako konsekwencja demontażu demokracji liberalnej w Polsce, «Studia Socjologiczno-Polityczne. Seria Nowa» 2022, nr 2.
16.
State Capture Unplugged: Countering Administrative and Political Corruption in Bulgaria, Center for the Study of Democracy, 2016,
https://csd.bg/events/event/st... (17.02.2024).
17.
Tomoyuki H., Conceptualizing ‘State Capture by Securitization’, «Społeczeństwo i Polityka» 2022, nr 1(70).
18.
Wojnicki J., Problemy współczesnego parlamentaryzmu bułgarskiego – zagadnienia instytucjonalne i funkcjonalne, «Studia Politologiczne» 2023, vol. 69.