The article analyses one of the obligatory elements of the electoral system – the constituency. Its analysis has been reduced to its legal regulation in the local government electoral law. We presented general rules of constituency creation in comparison to the standards of democratic states. The creation of constituencies in view of the Polish local government electoral law has been the subject of our thorough study. We also analysed the structure and the size of Polish constituencies. All the above mentioned analysis have been performed in view of the practical application of electoral law during the 2010 local government elections.