The subject of this article is the intellectual origins of Anti-Americanism, the author of which claims that the most important ideas of contemporary Anti- Americanism are present in the cultural current called the Counter-Enlightenment. The article traces roots of Anti-Americanism in the Romantic notions of ”culture” and ”civilization” and in the Conservative attacks on principles of the Enlightenment. Among disciples of the Counter-Enlightenment thought were many different thinkers such as Arthur de Gobineau, Oswald Spengler and Martin Heidegger. The article examines ideas of the Russian Slavophiles, racists and the Cultural Pessimists in order to reconstruct symbolic representations of America in the modern political thought.