This article presents the development of the idea of separation of church and state. Indicates that the idea was the result of efforts to strengthen the state. As long as the state itself was needed confessional state, so long maintained. But when we came religious pluralism, religion became a factor working against the state. Thus was born the idea of separation of church and state. Separation of the state and the church was to be a factor of consolidation of the state. But keep in mind that the idea of separation is the general idea. Therefore, implementation of this idea is the emergence of different models of the secular state. Generally, you can talk about the model and model positive negative. The first simply declares the principle of a secular state or the principle of separation of church and state. The negative model reduces to prohibit the existence of a state church or official church.