In the Constitutional Tribunal’s jurisprudence the principle of equality rights of churches and other religious organizations is treated per se, as a limitation of differentiation in the status of particular entities (based on far-reaching individualization of particular acts). In the author’s view, the legal basis of institutional inequality is the principle of bilateralism (Article 25 (4) and (5) of the Constitution of RP), which can be defined as a model of individual and wholly consensual shaping of relations between the State and churches.