The authors of this article have taken on the task of systematizing a knowledge in the field relating to organizational and personal changes carried out in the last quarter of the section of the overall national counterintelligence at the headquarters level in the „new „ Russian special services – from the Federal Agency for Security of the RSFSR to creation and development of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation And therefore the span of the research covers the period between November 1991 and September 2016. They have also analysed the human resources capabilities in the broader context of the political and socio – economic circumstances and provided forecasts as to the direction of its future development.