This article attempts to describe and explain the specificity of the political regime of Tatarstan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation, with emphasis on its ethnocratic dimension. The subject of diagnosis is the Russian political system, as well as sources and consequences of asymmetry between the federal regime and regional political regimes. The diagnosis generally indicates that the existing form of the federal and regional regimes causes the political crises and requires a far-reaching modernization. The authors took an assumption that in the ethnopolitical countries the ethnopolitics is an essential component of the political regimes. They justify this thesis by examining ethnocratic dimensions of the political regime of Tatarstan. They come to a conclusion that the Tatarstani regime reveals a peculiar symbiosis of etatism, ethnocratism, paternalism and tribalism. This regime is defined as authoritarian and ethnocratic, built on the basis of the clannish and political corporatism, with a particular position held by the leader.