The key elements of Russian Psychological and Information Operations include disinformation and propaganda activities. Disinformation refers to a type of information which is, in fact, its opposite. Whereas propaganda is associated with the practice of lying to the whole of society by the state authorities, particularly functioning in totalitarian states. Russian Psychological and Information Operations have a long tradition dating back to Soviet Russia and are currently an extremely effective tool for the implementation of foreign and internal policy applied by the government of the Russian Federation. The Russian armed forces have developed extended capabilities in this regard.