in Central Asia for a few. In the second half of the nineties, the Kremlin attempted to maintain political and economic domination in the region. The challenge for Russia was the emergence of Chinese and American competition in Central Asia. Moscow failed to stop China’s economic expansion. However, the Chinese recognized Russia’s dominant role in the sphere of politics and security in the region. The American presence in the region by Moscow is treated as a threat to security. The Kremlin was alarmed both by American investment projects related to the transmission of oil and gas, and political projects carried out under the slogans of spreading democracy.