The article deals with the development of Russia which has been recently characterized by predominance of conservative processes in the socio- political sphere. The author emphasizes the idea that the conservative wave which is observed in Russia has public support. Much attention is paid to the underlying conditions of this process. The author believes that the conservative wave is a response of the Kremlin to the Russian protest movement of 2011–2012. In conclusion the text points out that the result was deep polarization of the society having “two Russias” – urban, liberal and conservative, traditionalist.