“Deformed Democracy” Differentia specifica
of the Transitional/Hybrid Regime on the Example of the Balkan
States – a Sketch of Theoretical and Situational Considerations
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Instytut Nauk Politycznych
i Stosunków Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie
Publication date: 2024-09-20
Studia Politologiczne 2024;73
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the article was an attempt to answer 4 fundamental questions:
of “distorted democracy” and “transitional/hybrid regime” are to each other, secondly;
which of the Balkan states are stigmatized by the phenomenon of “distorted democracy”
and their political system is assessed as a transitional/hybrid regime, thirdly; whether it is
possible to establish a common situational context for these countries that influences the
assessment of the democratization of the transforming political systems, fourthly; what
are the reasons for this state of affairs. For this purpose, the Freedom House Nations in
Tranist Reports from 2021, 2022 and 2023 were analyzed regarding the Balkan countries
characterized by a transitional/hybrid regime in alphabetical order: Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Serbia. These reports clearly
confirm the presence of phenomena that significantly weaken the democratization
process of the Balkan countries, which is called “distorted democracy”, which is an inherent
feature of transitional/hybrid regimes. The situational context for the analyzed countries is
almost the same. There are still problems with the functioning of democratic institutions,
compliance with norms and procedures, as well as a lack of acceptance expressed in
attitudes and behaviors by both those in power and society.
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